January | 2016 | balqisthaahaveettil's Blog

Planning :

Basic function of management. It is deciding in advance what is to be done.
It is thinking before hand.
If you fail to plan, you plan to fail .

7 Features of Planning :

Focuses on achieving objectives.
Primary function of management.
Pervasive
Continuous.
Futuristic.
Involves decision making.
Mental exercise.(what,how,when and who to do it?)

6 Importance of planning :

Provides direction.
Reduces risk of uncertainly.
Reduces overlapping and wasteful activities.
Promotes innovative ideas.
Facilitates decision making.
Establishes standards for controlling.

6 Limitations of planning :

Creates rigidityor inflexibility
-internal inflexibility (due to policies and procedures planned earlier ,revising plan becomes tough )
-external inflexibility (political, economic, natural environmental changes)

Does not work in a dynamic environment .
Reduces creativity .
Involves huge cost (managers should take and go through lots of information and studies ).
Time consuming.
Does not guarantee success.

7 Planning process
Setting objectives.
Developing premises
-internal premises
-external premises.
Identifying alternative courses of action.
Evaluating alternative courses
-no of alternative courses are set to minimum
-based on minimum preliminary criteria.
Selecting an alternative.
Implementing the plan.
Follow up.

2 Types of plan :
Standing or repeatedly used plan.
Single or special use Adhoc plan .

Standing or repeatedly used plan.
Refers to a plan that is ongoing and provides guidance for repeatedly performed actions in an organisation.
1.Objective (endpoints for which all the activities are undertaken.)
2.Strategy (comprehensive plan on how to achieve objectives set)
3.Policy (employee promotion policy )
4.Procedures(sequence or order of steps to be done for taking ann action)
5.Method (more detailed than procedure,determines how each step in procedure is completed )
6.Rules (No change rules like no smoking inside office )

Single-use plan.
Used for special situation or made for need of unique situation.

Programme
-single use comprehensive plan laying down the “what, how,who and when “of accomplishing a specific job in an organisation A new program is designed for each new work. Eg :Training program

Budget
Refers to the quantitative expression of plan of actions.
Describes the results in numerical terms.

Note making is a useful skill which comes in handy not only in attempting questions. Notes form an essential part of your academic life & help you in the following ways.
Notes help you to remember the information you have gathered.
Notes come in handy for making quick revision before exams
Lengthy lessons can be condensed in to short relevant pieces by making notes.
Notes help in understanding the texts better.

The main idea or the central theme of the passage should be found out.

The important points related to the main theme are noted.

Add the sub-points which supplement the main points. There is no need to give examples.

Pay attention to the way you would like to present the notes, There is a proper format for note making you have to follow it & make your notes in the proper format.

Use abbreviations wherever necessary.The points are numbered in different ways, but numbering should be consistent. Complete sentences should not be written.

Abbreviation helps in writing the information briefly. The following are some of the ways in which you can use abbreviations.

Capitalized initial information:-

E.g. U.N. for United Nation M.L.A. B.Sc M.P. U.S.A.

Taking the first two letters of the words :-

Sc.

Science

Pract

Practical

Edu

Education

Takings the first and the last two letters of the word:-

rdng

Reading

admn

Administration

pds

Periods

Regarding

Symbol that are universally recognized:-

E.g :

Therefore

E.g :

For example

Arithmetic symbol–

% percentage

-ive Negative

< >

greater than or less than

Summary writing:-

	These notes should be linked with each other in a proper sequence to form a summary
	Use third person indirect speech and the past tense wherever possible.
	It should be short/brief and to the point. Write the summary with the help of the notes you have already made.

Marking Scheme of Note making
Notes		04 [Marks]
Title		01[Marks]
Summary		03[Marks]